Honi language
Sino-Tibetan language spoken in China and Southeast Asia
| Honi | |
|---|---|
| Native to | Southern China, Vietnam, Laos, Myanmar |
| Ethnicity | Hani |
Native speakers | 140,000 (2007)[1] |
Language family | Sino-Tibetan
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| Dialects |
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| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | how |
| Glottolog | honi1244 |
The Honi language (豪尼語), also known as Haoni, Baihong, Hao-Bai, or Ho, is a language of the Loloish (Yi) branch of the Tibeto-Burman linguistic group spoken in Yunnan, China. The Chinese government groups speakers of this language into the Hani nationality, one of China's 56 recognized nationalities and considers the language to be a dialect of the wider Hani languages. Honi itself is divided into two distinct dialects, Baihong and Haoni, which may be separate languages.
Phonology
Consonants
| Labial | Alveolar | Post- alveolar | Palatal | Velar | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| plain | sibilant | ||||||
| Nasal | m | n | ȵ | ŋ | |||
| Plosive/ Affricate | unaspirated | p | t | ts | tʃ | tɕ | k |
| aspirated | pʰ | tʰ | tsʰ | tʃʰ | tɕʰ | kʰ | |
| Continuant | voiceless | f | l̥ | s | ʃ | ɕ | x |
| voiced | v | l | z | ʒ | ɣ | ||
| Semivowel | w | j | |||||
A voiceless /l̥/ may also be realized as a lateral fricative [ɬ].
Vowels
| Front | Central | Back | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| High | i | ɯ | u | ||
| High-mid | ɤ | o | |||
| Low-mid | ɛ | ɔ | |||
| Low | æ | a | |||
| Syllabic | v̩ | ɹ̩ | |||
In the Mojiang dialect, vowel length is distinctive among vowels /iː ɛː/ and syllabic vowels /v̩ː ɹ̩ː/.[2]
| Front | Back | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Diphthong | Close | iu | ui | |
| Mid | io | iɔ | uɛ | |
| Open | ia | ua | ||
| Nasal | Close | ĩ | ||
| Mid | ɛ̃ | õ | ||
| Open | ã | |||
| Nasal Diphthong | Mid | ĩɛ̃ | ĩõ | ũɛ̃ |
| Open | ĩã | ũã | ||
References
- ^ Honi at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- ^ Yongsui, Li; Ersong, Wang (1986). 哈尼语简志 / Ha ni yu jian zhi. Beijing: Minzu Chubanshe. pp. 3–16.
- Wang Hongxiao [王红晓]; Zhao Dewen [赵德文]. 2017. Zhongguo Mojiang Hanizu Haoniren wenhua shilu [中国墨江哈尼族豪尼人文化实录]. Kunming: Yunnan People's Press [云南人民出版社].
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| ARs / SARs | |
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| Prefecture | |
| Counties/Banners | numerous |
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Chinese
- Chinese Sign
- Northern (Beijing) Sign
- Southern (Shanghai) Sign
- Hong Kong SignHK/MC
- Tibetan SignXZ
- GX = Guangxi
- HK = Hong Kong
- MC = Macau
- NM = Inner Mongolia
- XJ = Xinjiang
- XZ = Tibet
Sino-Tibetan branches | |||||
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| Western Himalayas (Himachal, Uttarakhand, Nepal, Sikkim) |
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| Eastern Himalayas (Tibet, Bhutan, Arunachal) | |||||
| Myanmar and Indo-Burmese border |
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| East and Southeast Asia |
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| Dubious (possible isolates) (Arunachal) |
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| Proposed groupings | |||||
| Proto-languages | |||||
Italics indicates single languages that are also considered to be separate branches. | |||||
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