Moe

Moe
Vremenski raspon: Miocen - halocen, 17–0.0006 Ma
PreЄ
Є
O
S
D
C
P
T
J
K
Pg
N
Kostur Severne gigantske ostrvske moe
Naučna klasifikacija e
Domen: Eukaryota
Carstvo: Animalia
Tip: Chordata
Klasa: Aves
Infraklasa: Palaeognathae
Kladus: Notopalaeognathae
Red: †Dinornithiformes
Bonaparte, 1853[1]
Tipska vrsta
† Dinornis novaezealandiae
Owen, 1843
Podgrupe

Vidi tekst

Diverzitet[2]
6 rodova, 9 vrsta
Sinonimi[3]
  • Dinornithes Gadow, 1893
  • Immanes Newton 1884

Moe su izumrla porodica ptica neletačica iz reda nojevki. Ova porodica sastoji se od deset vrsta raspoređenih u šest rodova.[4] Sve vrste su bile endemi Novog Zelanda, te izumrle su oko 1500. godine Uglavnom su nastanjivale šume, sve dok Maori nisu došli na Novi Zeland i iskrčili većinu šuma. Prema istraživanjima naučnika, moe su se hranile biljkama. Često su gutale stene koje bi se zadržale u želucu (gastroliti), pa bi tako ptice lakše probavile teško probavljive biljke. Hodale su brzinom oko 3-5 km/h[5]. U muzejima se nalazi 36 fosilizovanih jaja ptica iz ove porodice. Jaja su bila velika 120-240 mm. Kod većine vrsta jaja su bila bele boje, samo kod vrste Megalapteryx didinus bila su plavozelenkasta.

Taksonomija

Emeus crassus i Pachyornis elephantopus
Anomalopteryx didiformis skeleton

Ova porodica nekad je tvorila poseban red ptica u koji su biolozi ubrajali i kivije. Postojale su dve porodice: manje moe (lat. Anomalopterygidae) i velike moe (lat. Dinornithidae). Manje moe su činile ptice veličine ćurana ili malo veće. Među njima je bila najmanja od svih moa, Euryapteryx curtus koja je bila teška oko 20 kg. Drugu porodicu, velike moe su bile jako velike ptice, među kojima je bila velika moa, jedna od najviših ptica ikada. Bila je visoka oko 4,5 m. Najbliži rođaci ovih ptica su emu i kazuar.

Ovo su trenutno priznati rodova i vrste:[6]

  • Red †Dinornithiformes (Gadow 1893) Ridgway 1901 [Dinornithes Gadow 1893; Immanes Newton 1884] (moa)
    • Porodica Dinornithidae Owen 1843 [Palapteryginae Bonaparte 1854; Palapterygidae Haast 1874; Dinornithnideae Stejneger 1884] (giant moa)
      • Rod Dinornis
        • North Island giant moa, Dinornis novaezealandiae (North Island, New Zealand)
        • South Island giant moa, Dinornis robustus (South Island, New Zealand)
    • Porodica Emeidae (Bonaparte 1854) [Emeinae Bonaparte 1854; Anomalopterygidae Oliver 1930; Anomalapteryginae Archey 1941] (lesser moa)
      • Rod Anomalopteryx
        • Bush moa, Anomalopteryx didiformis (South Island, New Zealand)
      • Rod Emeus
        • Eastern moa, Emeus crassus (South Island, New Zealand)
      • Rod Euryapteryx
        • Coastal moa, Euryapteryx curtus (North and South Island, New Zealand)
      • Rod Pachyornis
        • Heavy-footed moa, Pachyornis elephantopus (South Island, New Zealand)
        • Mantell's moa, Pachyornis geranoides (North Island, New Zealand)
        • Crested moa, Pachyornis australis (South Island, New Zealand)[2]
    • Porodica Megalapterygidae
      • Rod Megalapteryx
        • Upland moa, Megalapteryx didinus (South Island, New Zealand)

Dve neimenovane vrste Saint Bathans Fauna.[7]

Filogenija

 

Struthioniformes (Ostriches)

 
Notopalaeognathae
 

Rheiformes (Rhea)

 
 
 
 

Tinamiformes (Tinamous)

 
 

Dinornithiformes† (Moas)

 
 
Novaeratitae
 
 
 

Apterygiformes (Kiwi)

 
 

Aepyornithiformes† (Elephant bird)

 
 
Casuariiformes
 

Casuariidae (Cassowary)

 
 

Dromaiidae (Emu)

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Dinornithidae
 

Dinornis robustus

 
 

Dinornis novaezealandiae

 
 
Megalapteryidae
 

Megalapteryx didinus

 
 
 
Emeidae
 
 
 
 

Pachyornis australis

 
 
 

Pachyornis elephantopus

 
 

Pachyornis geranoides

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Anomalopteryx didiformis

 
 
 

Emeus crassus

 
 

Euryapteryx curtus

 
 
 
 
 

Reference

  1. ^ Brands, S. (2008)
  2. ^ а б Stephenson, Brent (2009)
  3. ^ Brodkob, Pierce (1963). „Catalogue of fossil birds 1- Archaeopterygiformes through Ardeiformes”. Biological sciences, Bulletin of the Florida State Museum. 7 (4): 180—293. Приступљено 30. 12. 2015. 
  4. ^ OSNZ (2009)
  5. ^ Worthy & Holdaway '2002
  6. ^ Davies, S. J. J. F. (2003)
  7. ^ Tennyson, A.J.D.; Worthy, T.H.; Jones, C.M.; Scofield, R.P.; Hand, S.J. (2010). „Moa's Ark: Miocene fossils reveal the great antiquity of moa (Aves: Dinornithiformes) in Zealandia”. Records of the Australian Museum. 62: 105—114. doi:10.3853/j.0067-1975.62.2010.1546. 

Literatura

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Spoljašnje veze

Moe на Викимедијиној остави.
Vikivrste imaju više informacija o članku Moa.
  • TerraNature list of New Zealand's extinct birds
  • TerraNature page on Moa
  • Tree of Life classification and references Архивирано на сајту Wayback Machine (5. децембар 2020)
  • Moa article in Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand
  • 3D model of a moa skull
Identifikatori taksona
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